In the world of trucking and logistics, understanding the difference between LTL (Less-Than-Truckload) and FTL (Full Truckload) shipping is critical for shippers, supply chain managers, and small businesses alike. Choosing the right freight method can impact delivery speed, budget, and product safety.
This post breaks down the key differences between LTL and FTL freight, including their benefits, drawbacks, and how to decide which is best for your shipping needs.
What Is LTL Freight?
LTL (Less-Than-Truckload) refers to shipments that don’t require a full truck. Instead, your freight shares space with other companies’ cargo in the same trailer. This makes it ideal for shipments typically weighing between 150 and 15,000 pounds.
LTL carriers use a hub-and-spoke model, stopping at multiple distribution centers and terminals to consolidate and redistribute shipments.
Key Features of LTL:
- Shared trailer space with other shippers
- Typically includes liftgate and inside delivery options
- Frequent handling and transfers
What Is FTL Freight?
FTL (Full Truckload) refers to shipments that take up an entire trailer or are shipped as a dedicated load. This is typically used for freight over 15,000 pounds, high-value cargo, or time-sensitive deliveries.
In FTL, the trailer is loaded once and driven directly to the delivery destination without stops or transfers.
Key Features of FTL:
- Dedicated truck for a single shipment
- Ideal for larger loads or sensitive freight
- Faster transit time with fewer touchpoints
Pros and Cons of LTL Freight
Pros:
- Cost-efficient for smaller shipments
- More flexible for businesses with lower volume
- Environmentally friendly due to shared transportation
Cons:
- Longer transit times due to multiple stops
- Higher risk of damage with increased handling
- Limited space for irregular or oversized freight
Pros and Cons of FTL Freight
Pros:
- Faster delivery with direct transport
- Reduced risk of damage with less handling
- Ideal for high-value or fragile cargo
Cons:
- Higher cost if you don’t fully utilize the truck
- Less flexible for small or infrequent shipments
LTL vs. FTL Cost Differences
The biggest factor in deciding between LTL and FTL is cost versus volume.
LTL Pricing:
- Based on freight class, weight, distance, and dimensions
- Accessorial charges may apply (e.g., liftgate, residential delivery)
- Ideal for shipments that don’t fill a full trailer
FTL Pricing:
- Usually a flat rate per mile
- More cost-effective per unit when shipping full loads
- Rates influenced by fuel, lane availability, and urgency
How to Choose Between LTL and FTL
Ask yourself the following:
- How much are you shipping?
- If your freight fills less than 10 linear feet or weighs under 15,000 lbs, LTL may be best.
- How urgent is the delivery?
- If timing is critical, FTL provides a more reliable, faster option.
- How fragile is the cargo?
- Fragile or high-value items are safer with FTL due to minimal handling.
- What is your budget?
- If cost control is a priority and transit time is flexible, LTL can be more economical.
Final Thoughts
LTL and FTL freight each offer unique advantages depending on your shipment size, budget, and delivery needs. Whether you’re a small business shipping sporadically or a large company moving pallets daily, choosing the right mode helps reduce costs and improve customer satisfaction.
If you’re unsure, work with a freight broker or 3PL (third-party logistics provider) to evaluate your options and get the best rates.
Need help deciding between LTL and FTL? Reach out to our logistics experts for personalized guidance.
